BIOSORPTION OF SOME HEAVY METALS FROM CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL USING BANANA PEELS AND GINGER WASTE AS BIOSORBENT.

Abstract

In this study biosorption of some selected heavy metals from crude oil polluted soil was carried out using banana peels and ginger waste as biosorbent. The heavy metals analyzed are zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel. The polluted soil sample was collected from Ubeji community and the absorbent were gotten from fruit vendors and Igbudu market. The crude oil polluted  soil collected from Ubeji community was digested using wet acid digestion method and analysed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) to determine the concentration of the various heavy metals and the result gotten were as follows 16.55 mg/kg ,<0.10 mg/kg, <0.50 mg/kg, 17.00mg/kg, <0.10  for zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel respectively, the concentration of the heavy metals were later analysed after treatment by the biosorbent (banana peel and ginger waste), the concentration gotten for the first week after treatment are 13.05mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg, 0.50mg/kg, 14.00mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg for zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel respectively for banana peel (50g) and 12.97mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg, 0.50mg/kg, 14.90mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg for zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel respectively for ginger waste (50g), Also for 100g of adsorbent  the concentration gotten for the first week after treatment are 10.05mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg, 0.50mg/kg, 12.30mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg for zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel respectively for banana peel (100g) and 10.65mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg, 0.50mg/kg, 15.05mg/kg, <0.10mg/kg for   zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel respectively for ginger waste (100g). Significant differences were noted for the subsequent weeks. Comparing the result of concentration of the heavy metals before treatment and after treatment for 50g and 100g of the absorbent, it clearly shows that banana peels and ginger waste where effective in reducing the concentration of zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel in the crude oil polluted soil sample and also 100g of biomass was found to be more efficient than 50g of the biomass, as such the biosorbent can be used for the bioremediation of heavy metals in crude oil polluted soil.